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2021届北京市高考英语压轴试题
注意事项
本试卷共11页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When it came time to vote for the speaker at graduation in the class meeting, Ms. Lenihan asked who would like to be our class speaker. Being a (an) 1 girl, I tried not to make eye contact. Seeing several classmates go up to the front to state why they should be the speakers, I felt a sense of 2 . But at last Ms. Lenihan 3 in front of us and said, “We will have another meeting this week, and I expect to see more participation. I am 4 that some of you are just sitting there when you should be up here!” When she said those words, I looked up to see she was glaring right at me. I felt so nervous, but knowing she had so much 5 in me, I should not let her down.
After spending the whole week practicing a speech, I stood up in front of my classmates. There were eight to ten other participants, and I didn’t 6 much for myself. When the votes came in the next day, Ms. Lenihan announced that the class chose me! I would have to stand up in front of our entire school to make a speech. My 7 level went through the roof, but Ms. Lenihan told me she was glad that I had stepped up to the 8 .
Over the next month I worked on my graduation speech. When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous, 9 when I looked at Ms. Lenihan, I remembered the whole reason I was up there was that she had faith in me. I believe I 10 that day, and will always remember the encouragement that Ms. Lenihan gave me.
1．A．shy B．honest C．outgoing D．lazy
2．A．duty B．shame C．loss D．relief
3．A．stayed up B．climbed up C．marched up D．pulled up
4．A．disappointed B．depressed C．embarrassed D．frightened
5．A．faith B．interest C．pride D．ambition
6．A．win B．expect C．prove D．share
7．A．threat B．anxiety C．excitement D．tolerance
8．A．achievement B．destination C．failure D．challenge
9．A．till B．then C．but D．so
10．A．proceeded B．promised C．innovated D．transformed
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once upon a time, in a small town lived a man who couldn't see. Yet, he carried a lighted lamp with him whenever he went at night. One night, he came 11． a group of travelers. One of them asked him, “Hey, man! You can't see anything! Why do you carry a lighted lamp then?” The blind man replied, “Yes, 12． (unfortunate), I am blind but the lighted lamp I am carrying is for people like you who can see. You may not see me coming and end up knocking into me. That is 13． I carry a lighted lamp.”
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years, Chinese literature has gained more popularity worldwide . An increasing number of Chinese literary works 14． (translate) into multiple languages, including English, French, Japanese and Russian, and read by people from countries and regions 15． (involve) in the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议). Not only have the 16． (story) from China's past made their way through time, but the beauty of the language has drawn the world's attention.
C
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last July China's manned submersible (载人潜艇)Fendouzhe 17． (dive) 10,909 meters deep in the Mariana Trench. This is the 18． (deep) diving record for a Chinese manned submersible. The pressure underwater is very strong, 19． is like an elephant standing on the tip of your finger. Fendouzhe can carry up to three people. The egg shape makes it easier for the scientists 20． (move) around and study the sea.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Explore Nice in France - how car travel makes for a memorable holiday.
A classic option to explore the celebrated city of France, such as Nice is through hard travel. Cruising through the South of France, there are museums and restaurants to experience. Visiting these attractions is most convenient with a car. As hiring a car in Nice from the airport is simple. One can sit back and drive through the wonderful country lands without a care in the world. The west side has small hills while the east extends to the Mediterranean Sea. Peaceful vineyards, quiet villages at a rich life awaits you if you drive through the countryside.
Restaurants
The kitchen delights that Nice offers are the cities chief attraction. The Cours Saleya market, offers fine delicacies while sipping the Provencal wine is another soothing experience. Overall, Coted’ Azur can be put as the gastronomic capital of France.
Beaches
Being along the coastline，Nice offers some really warm and relaxing beaches to its tourists lined with cosy seaside apartments and hotels.
Tips for Hiring a Car
Choose a car which can easily accommodate you and your family without being too big-- Traffic can be a major issue in some cities.
A GPS navigation system aids in traveling without getting lost and also helps in saving time.
Check with various number of car hire companies for the different prices so that you do not end up with an expensive package. Traveling to France has perhaps been on the wish lists of every travel-hungry person. And you can make your trip even more memorable by traveling through the country in the car.
21．What can be learned about Nice from the passage?
A．It is located far from the sea.
B．It has quiet villages and vineyards
C．It is no easy way to hire a car in Nice.
D．It offers the warmest beach to tourists.
22．When hiring a car in France, you are advised to ________
A．Choose one as big as possible.
B．Ignore the GPS navigation system.
C．Pay for your accommodation in advance.
D．Check with companies for reasonable prices.
23．This passage is intended for________
A．drivers B．travelers
C．passengers D．tour guides
B
What animal pulls at your heartstrings—a panda or a toad (蟾蜍)? Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.
Cooke’s blogs and online videos bring her unusual storytelling style to a serious message: If we only care for the best loved animals, other important parts of the web of life could be ignored. There are so many television shows about lovely animals like koala bears and kittens, she observes. All the attention seems focused on “celebrity” animals. “Those unusual creatures attract me because they tell an amazing evolutionary (进化) story,” Cooke said. “I’m interested in all of nature, not just the shiny bits.”
Amphibians—animals like frogs that live both on land and in water—top Cooke’s list. Over a third of amphibians are going extinct; it’s the worst extinction crisis since the dinosaurs were wiped off the planet. “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,” she noted. “That motivated me to start my blog, The Amphibian Avenger. When amphibians go extinct, birds and snakes that eat them also disappear. And since they breathe through their skin, they are easily attacked by pollution and climate change. That makes them fantastic instruments for measuring the health of ecosystems.”
One of Cooke’s most popular online videos is about sloths—extremely slow-moving animals that live in trees. They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. In fact, “slothfulness” is the key to the animal’s success, allowing the sloth’s liver (肝脏) to process poisonous substances found in the leaves it eats. Moving slowly also keeps it hidden from enemies. “My video showed the world how interesting they are,” Cooke said.
The bats, dung beetles and more get their moment in the sun thanks to Cooke. “I just want people to share my sense of amazement and love for these creatures.” Cooke stated. “Once you understand why they’re ugly or odd, you’ll appreciate them and want to save them as much as I do.”
24．Cooke started The Amphibian Avenger in order to ________.
A．make the animal popular with people
B．show her unique appreciation of beauty
C．introduce the research on a new species
D．explain the importance of this kind of animal
25．Cooke’s video about sloths is an example of ________
A．why some animals deserve their reputation
B．why she thinks it necessary to save animals
C．how people focus on some specific animals
D．how she is trying to change people’s minds
26．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Animal Defender
B．Intelligent Animals
C．Cooke’s Storytelling Blogs
D．The Secret of Extinct Creatures
C
I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.
The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job. The truth is, I don't know how I'm going to get through these days." Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.
My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn't know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, or ask for her husband's resume（简历）?
Walking into the parking lot, I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn't a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.
"Excuse me," I said, my voice trembling a bit. "I couldn't help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you' re going through a really hard time right now. I'm so sorry. I'd like to give you something."
I handed her the small card from my purse. When the woman read the two words "You Matter" on the card, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said: "You have no idea how much this means to me."
I was a little startled by her reply. Having never done anything like this before, I didn't know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was: "Would it be OK to give you a hug?"
A few days earlier, one of my workmates gave a similar card to me as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I ordered my own box of “You Matter" cards and started sharing them.
27．What was the woman's trouble?
A．She lost her job.
B．She needed more food stamps.
C．She didn't know how to get through the hard time.
D．She didn't have enough money to pay for her groceries.
28．How did the author help the woman?
A．She inspired the woman with a card.
B．She bought some food for the woman.
C．She gave the woman a handful of money.
D．She offered the woman's husband a better job.
29．What does the underlined word “startled” most probably mean?
A．Moved. B．Surprised. C．Pleased. D．Annoyed.
30．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．You Decide Who You Are B．Bad Things Will Go Away
C．The Help from a Stranger D．The Power of a Small Card
D
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.
Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”
No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read.
31．According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A．was a classic in theoretical physics
B．turned out to be comprehensible
C．needed further improvement
D．attracted few professionals
32．What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Unrealistic. B．Irrelevant.
C．Unattractive. D．Imprecise.
33．According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops?
A．The application of research findings.
B．The principle of scientific research.
C．The selection of young talents.
D．The evaluation of laboratories.
34．Which would be the best title for this passage?
A．What makes Einstein great?
B．Will science be professionalized?
C．Could Einstein get published today?
D．How will modern science make advances?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Healthy eating, like many things, doesn't have to be an all-or-nothing enterprise. If you're looking to eat healthier, here are a few simple things you can do that don't involve an extreme diet.
Figure out the problem.
It's important to know what you're trying to fix. You would just first of all get to the root of the problem and see what the main obstacles are.35． If you decide that you spend too much time mindlessly snacking, maybe it's because your meals aren't filling enough, or you need more nutritionally-balanced snacks around.
Start small.
Make one or two changes to your daily routine and see how that goes. If it's doable and sustainable, try adding another change and see how that feels. 36．If the habit you are developing is customized(定制)to you，to your lifestyle，to how you feel and to your reality, it will be easy for you to repeat it and to make it a habit.
37．
We have become increasingly dependent upon processed and convenient restaurant meals. Our taste buds(味蕾)can come to long for these high-fat， high-salt food. Cooking more often can often improve your dietary quality and decrease your reliance upon these foods.
Add some fibre.
Many of us feel "full and energized" after a high-fibre meal or snack. Remember that fibre fills us up on few calories.38．High-fibre diets have been linked to a range of health benefits, including protecting against disease. We should choose whole grains, and add chia seeds to things like cereal or yogurt to boost their fibre content.
Use smaller plates.
Using smaller plates at meal time is an easy thing to do that can bring us big benefits.39． Make sure that half your plate is covered in fruits or veggies.
Make a commitment to focus on life-long behaviour change using strategies that are healthy, enjoyable and therefore sustainable.
A．Cook more at home.
B．Rely on restaurant meals.
C．It's about building new habits.
D．Then, you can look at the cause.
E. You can turn to your friends for help if necessary.
F. It slows digestion，lowers cholesterol(胆固醇)and stabilizes blood sugars.
G. This will help to control portion(食物的一份)sizes so that you can be a more mindful eater.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分）。
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day? Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light, food and sleep.
However, whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes, but had not considered the possible role of timing. Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people’s metabolisms.
Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts. The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out between 8 and 10 a.m. and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.
He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day—but only if we choose to keep doing it.”
40．What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts?
41．What did Schrauwen’s new study figure out?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
43．When do you think is the best time for you to exercise? Why? (about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
44．假定你是李华，得知你班英国交换生Jenny最近因学习压力大而情绪低落。请给她写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表示关心；2.提出缓解、释放压力的建议。
参考词汇：压力pressure；缓解、释放relieve
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 |
